Cleanthes :: essays research papers

Cleanthes is attempting to contend, utilizing the relationship of the Watch and the Watchmaker, that a canny architect must be expected for the reason uncovering watch, so an astute Grand Designer might be induced in clarifying the reason uncovering world. The two items, the world and watch, uncover a multifaceted and positive structure; in this manner, each must have its own shrewd originator. Additionally, on the grounds that the universe resembles a watch, we can derive it has a smart originator by the way that it might be end up being mechanical through numerical ideas. In a watch a few sections are assembled for a reason. The parts are together in a specific development, so there must be explanations behind its arrangement, parting with its reason for presence. Given that the watch has a reason, this conspicuous structure would constrain one to close the watch probably had a creator. Flawlessness, similar to that in a watch, needs a maker in light of the fact that the occurrence or possibility of being made without a maker is profoundly far-fetched. The conviction that a watchmaker will consistently exists, regardless of whether the individual does or know a watchmaker or has seen a watch made, no other clarification of a watch’s presence could be possible or intelligent without accepting that there was previously a watchmaker. Regardless of whether the contraption works or not will be not the center; the emphasis is on whether an arrangement has been made for the instrument to uncover that a structure was expected. In complex machines, absent or unfamiliar parts are bound to emerge; yet, such turmoil would no uncertainty intrigue an individual more regarding the articles reason. Despite the fact that now and again, a section may appear to be futile, the individual would proceed to address and marvel what reason that part serves. Nobody can imagine how the watch was gathered along with sheer karma; in this way, a wise originator exists. The watch is unquestionably not made by the standard of request and it isn't conceivable to state or feel that the watch was not imagined. Configuration can't exist without the planner. Each appearance of structure, which exists in the watch, exists underway of nature. While the world is undeniably more mind boggling than a shortsighted instrument, similar to a watch, it is the same when thought about at the base levels, particularly when seeing that both are so mechanical, demonstrating components of request. Hume sets out the contention from configuration to demonstrate that the universe resembles a watch. Cleanthes :: papers research papers Cleanthes is attempting to contend, utilizing the relationship of the Watch and the Watchmaker, that a canny originator must be accepted for the reason uncovering watch, so an insightful Grand Designer might be derived in clarifying the reason uncovering world. The two items, the world and watch, uncover a many-sided and positive plan; consequently, each must have its own insightful originator. Additionally, in light of the fact that the universe resembles a watch, we can derive it has a savvy fashioner by the way that it might be end up being mechanical through scientific ideas. In a watch a few sections are assembled for a reason. The parts are together in a specific arrangement, so there must be purposes behind its situation, parting with its reason for presence. Given that the watch has a reason, this conspicuous structure would constrain one to finish up the watch more likely than not had a producer. Flawlessness, similar to that in a watch, needs a maker on the grounds that the fortuitous event or possibility of being made without a maker is profoundly improbable. The conviction that a watchmaker will consistently exists, regardless of whether the individual does or know a watchmaker or has seen a watch made, no other clarification of a watch’s presence could be doable or intelligent without accepting that there was at one time a watchmaker. Regardless of whether the contraption works or not will be not the center; the attention is on whether an arrangement has been made for the instrument to uncover that a plan was planned. In extremely complex machines, absent or unfamiliar parts are bound to emerge; yet, such confusion would no uncertainty intrigue an individual more concerning the articles reason. In spite of the fact that now and again, a section may appear to be futile, the individual would proceed to address and miracle what reason that part serves. Nobody can imagine how the watch was collected along with sheer karma; in this way, a smart architect exists. The watch is certainly not made by the guideline of request and it isn't trustworthy to state or believe that the watch was not designed. Configuration can't exist without the architect. Each appearance of plan, which exists in the watch, exists underway of nature. While the world is unquestionably more mind boggling than a shortsighted instrument, similar to a watch, it is the same when looked at the base levels, particularly when seeing that both are so mechanical, indicating components of request. Hume sets out the contention from configuration to demonstrate that the universe resembles a watch.

Triage by scott anderson essays

Triage by scott anderson papers The epic, Triage, by Scott Anderson, accounts war photojournalist Mark Walsh's encounters as he battles through the hardships of his occupation and the difficulties of day by day life. By consolidating topics, for example, blame, pardoning, the nature of present day war, and feeling of having a place, Anderson can connect characters and make complex equal stories while keeping up an engaging plot. At the point when Mark is hit by a mounted guns shell in Kurdistan his reality is flipped around. He endures however his closest companion Colin doesn't. Colins last wish is to be reclaimed to New York, yet in terrible new development, Mark winds up leaving Colin for dead to help his own endurance. He is taken to the Harir Cave, where Ahmet Talzani, the specialist at the emergency clinic, rehearses Triage, where your destiny is chosen by an arrangement of plastic, shading coded labels. His framework was basic, in the event that you got a red tag, at that point you would be dealt with, a yellow, and be disregarded, however a blue implied passing. Talzani realizes he has no opportunity to choose wether an individual can be relieved or not, there are excesses of harmed coming in the outcome of war. OK accept that occasionally I am so drained, or the cavern is so dim, I am not even certain about the hues I give them? My little labels are for them, since they have to accept there is a fra mework. For me I realize it is all destiny. It is from him that we find out about the idea of present day war. There is no example to who lives and who passes on in war... In war, individuals pass on the grounds that they do. Current war is more about capability than labor. Gone are where scenes were loaded up with troopers assaulting each other in the majority. This is supplanted with mounted guns, tanks, helicopters, and warrior planes. Talzani has a feeling of having a place, as he says: Homeland. It doesnt matter what you do or what you accept, you never get away from the country. They discuss through and through freedom however we are for the most part homing pigeons ... <!

Use the optional essay to your advantage COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Use the optional essay to your advantage COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Application deadlines are here, and the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid has been getting a lot of calls and emails lately. We’re glad you’re reaching out to us with your questions. I’m choosing to tell y’all about something that has NOT been asked about, which is the optional essay. [Before you get too far:  You are not required to write this! If youve said all you need to say about yourself as a candidate and you dont have it in you to write more, thats totally understandable! The optional essay is truly, Optional. And don’t feel guilty about being relieved that you don’t have to read the rest of this post.] So why answer a question that hasn’t been asked? Because I think it’ll give some of you an advantage in your application. This is what the optional essay is in the application for: An opportunity to discuss something you weren’t able to address elsewhere; OR, an opportunity for you to explain a situation that needs more detail. SIPA does not have an ideal model of an applicant. Our candidates come from more than 100 countries around the world, with a variety of undergraduate and graduate studies, career backgrounds, expertises, and aspirations. We value this diversity immensely because these differences enrich the class experience for everybody. Instead, what the Admissions Committee looks for falls into the broad categories of: relevant professional experience; proven academic ability; quantitative coursework; and a passion for public policy and International Affairs. Because there is no One Ideal Applicant, the admissions process is holistic â€" meaning, the Admissions Committee takes the whole of your application into account. We are looking at the gestalt of your application, if you will. This is where the optional essay and knowing what the Admissions Committee is looking for comes in.  Use the optional essay to explain any discrepancies or unique situations that you weren’t able to address anywhere else in the application. Is there something that you want to tell the Admissions Committee because it will add to you as a whole? Tell us why you’d be a stellar policy candidate despite your previous studies being in something unrelated. Tell us why you’d come out on top of the core economics courses at SIPA despite the quantitative grades on your transcript not reflecting that. Tell us what unique perspective you can add to the classroom, even though you have an employment gap due to family reasons. Life happens. The Admissions Committee are people too. Theyre understanding and respectful. But sometimes there is nothing for them to take into account as a whole, if you are the only one who can provide the information and dont do it. Because each applicant is so different, we cant possibly tell you what specific topic were looking for. I will just say: The optional essay is NOT another personal statement, or a place to rehash something already explained in your application. Perhaps it’s just a few paragraphs that can’t all “flow” together, and that is fine. Maybe your optional essay is just one sentence â€" we appreciate brevity. Remember, the optional essay is not meant to trip you up, nor is it a ~secret admissions test~. It is simply an opportunity for you to address your situation(s) to the Admissions Committee that you weren’t able to in other parts of the application. For another perspective, here is an overview of the Optional Essay from a student who went through the application process. Wishing you all the best of luck!

Understanding Shakespeares Seven Ages of Man

The poem The Seven Ages of Man is a part of the play As You Like It, where Jacques makes a dramatic speech in the presence of the Duke in Act II, Scene VII. Through the voice of Jacques, Shakespeare sends out a profound message about life and our role in it. Shakespeares Seven Ages of Man All the worlds a stage,And all the men and women merely players,They have their exits and entrances,And one man in his time plays many parts,His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,Mewling and puking in the nurses arms.Then, the whining schoolboy with his satchelAnd shining morning face, creeping like snailUnwillingly  to school. And then the lover,Sighing like furnace, with a woeful balladMade to his mistress eyebrow. Then a soldier,Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,Jealous in honour, sudden, and quick in quarrel,Seeking the bubble reputationEven in the cannons mouth. And then the justiceIn fair round belly, with good capon lind,With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,Full of wise saws, and modern instances,And so he plays his part. The sixth age shiftsInto the lean and slipperd pantaloon,With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side,His youthful hose well savd, a world too wide,For his shrunk shank, and his big manly voice,Turning again towards childish trebl e, pipesAnd whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,That ends this strange eventful history,Is second childishness and mere oblivion,Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. In this drama of life, each one of us plays seven distinct roles. This, the author says, is the Seven Ages of Man. These seven roles begin at birth and end with death. Stage 1: Infancy Birthmarks the entry of man in the first stage of life. An infant in the caretakers arms is just a helpless child learning to survive. Babies communicate with us through their cries. Having been nourished in the womb of the mother, the baby learns to accept breast milk as its first food. Vomiting is common among all babies. Once a baby is breastfed, you need to burp the baby. In the process, babies throw up some milk. Since babies do nothing most of the day, other than crying and spitting up after feeding, Shakespeare says that the first stage of life is marked by these two activities. Babies have been perceived as cute since the beginning of time. They feed and spit up, and between these two activities, they also cry. A lot. Young parents know the drill even before they become parents. While babies continue to be puking and mewling little adorable beings, the difference between then and now is that raising babies is a concerted effort between the parents. Stage 2: Schoolboy At this stage of life, the child is introduced to the world of discipline, order, and routine. The carefree days of infancy are over, and schooling brings about a regimen in the life of a child. Naturally, the child takes to whining and complaining about the forced routine. The concept of schooling has seen a great change since the time of Shakespeare. In Shakespeares time, school was a forced practice usually overseen by the church. Depending on the status of the parents, a child went to either a grammar school or a monastic school. School  began at sunrise and lasted the whole day. Punishments were common, and often harsh.   Modern schools are quite unlike their ancient counterparts. While some kids still whine and complain about going to school, many actually love school because of the play while you learn approach to schooling. Modern day schools have taken a holistic approach to education. Children are taught through role plays, visual presentations, demonstrations, and games. Homeschooling is another option that most parents prefer to formal schooling. Also, with the abundance of online resources, modern education has extended the boundaries of learning. Stage 3:  Teenager Teenagers in the medieval times were accustomed to social etiquettes of wooing a lady. The teenager during Shakespeares time pined for his lover, wrote elaborate verses of love ballads, and mooned over his object of desire. Romeo and Juliet  is an icon of romance during the period of Shakespeares. Love was sensual, deep, romantic, and full of grace and beauty. Compare this love to the teen love of today. The modern age teen is technically savvy, well-informed, and romantically astute. They dont express their love in amorous love letters. Who does that in the age of texting and social media? Relationships are not as elaborate, or romantic as they were for the medieval teenager. The youth of today is far more individual-centric and independent than those in Shakespeares time. Back in those days, relationships were nurtured towards matrimony. Nowadays, marriage is not necessarily the goal of every romantic affiliation, there is more sexual expression and less adherence to social structures such as monogamy. However, despite all these differences, the teenager of today is as angsty as the teenager of the medieval time. They have to deal with unrequited love, heartbreak, and depression just as those in ancient times. Stage 4: Youth The next stage Shakespeare talks about in the poem is that of a young soldier. In old England, young men were trained for combat. The young soldier developed an attitude of brash courage, raw passion mixed with the impetuous temper that is characterized by unwarranted rebellion. The youth of today have the same zeal and energy for rebellion. They are far more expressive, vocal, and assertive about their rights. Though the youth of today would not necessarily be enlisted for service in the army, they have enough avenues to form social groups to fight for a political or social cause. With social media platforms and the global reach of mass media, the young can reach their voice to the far corners of the world. A widespread reaction is almost instantaneous because of the global reach and effectiveness of propaganda.   Stage 5: Middle Age The middle age has hardly changed over the centuries. Middle age is the time when men and women settle down, and kids, family, and career take precedence over personal indulgences. Age brings wisdom and a sense of peaceful acceptance of realities of life. Idealistic values get pushed behind, while practical considerations become important. While the middle-aged man (and woman) of today have more options to further personal or professional interests, perhaps the medieval middle-aged man had fewer such options, and, not surprisingly, even less so the medieval woman. Stage 6: Old Age In medieval times, life expectancy hovered around 40, and a man of 50 would consider himself lucky to be alive. Depending on the social or economic class of the person, old age could be harsh or at best, ambivalent. Though the old were respected for their wisdom and experience, most old people suffered due to neglect and degeneration of physical and mental faculties. Those who were oriented towards religious pursuits fared better than the household man. Today, life is alive and vibrant for a 40-year-old. Many senior aged people (starting in their 70s) in the modern era are still actively involved in social activities, secondary occupations, or hobbies. Also, there are good retirement plans and financial devices available to make old age comfortable. It is not so uncommon for a healthy and young-at-heart senior citizen to go on a trip around the world, enjoy gardening or golf, or even continue to work or pursue higher education if they so desire. Stage 7: Extreme Old Age What Shakespeare talks about in this stage of man is an extreme form of aging, where the person is no longer able to perform basic tasks such as bathing, eating, and going to the toilet. Physical frailty and incapacity no longer allow them the freedom to live unassisted. During Shakespeares time, it was quite okay to treat old people as senile. In fact, in the Elizabethan era, where slavery and discrimination against women were highly prevalent, ageism  was hardly considered a problem. Old people were treated as little children, and as Shakespeare describes this stage as a second childhood, it was socially acceptable to treat the old with disdain. Todays modern society is more humane and sensitive to seniors. Though ageism still exists and is prevalent in many spheres, with growing awareness, seniors sans teeth, sans eyes, and sans taste still live with the dignity that ought to be afforded to the elderly.

Symptoms And Treatments Of Schizophrenia - 1512 Words

Schizophrenia is a truly peculiar ailment, not only due to the nature of its symptoms, but also the vast range of interpretations it has been subject to over the ages. It has been attributed to terms such as â€Å"madness† or â€Å"possession†, and even mislabeled by those who have not taken the time to conduct in-depth research concerning its origins or agents of causation. This general misunderstanding of the disease has led to many controversies concerning the treatments and care given to those afflicted. I believe that even with the present advances in medicine and psychological awareness, the true definite causes and most effective treatments for schizophrenia are far from being discovered, mainly due to the constant generalization of symptoms among psychological disorders attributed to the society’s high demand for some form of treatment (no matter how minor the effect is), as well as the desire of drug companies to allocate revenue from the sale of pharmac euticals. In spite of this, there is still the potential for a cure to be discovered in the far future, due to biogenetic research currently being conducted in order to better understand this disease. History of Schizophrenia Arrival of the notion Schizophrenia has been observed and studied since the 1800’s. It was originally categorized as a type of dementia by Dr. Emil Kraepelin, who believed that mental illnesses were â€Å"natural disease entities† (Maatz, Hoff Angst, 2015, p. 44). Kraepelin’s work inspired Bleuler, a SwissShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Per MentalHelp.net, schizophrenia is rare with approximately one-percent of the worldwide population and 1.2 percent of the population of the United States suffering from the disease as of 2009. Accurate statistics are difficult to obtain because many sufferers do not seek help. Symptoms typically – but not always – present in teen years with different peak times for females and males. Females have two peak times of vulnerability – mid- to late twenties and again around 40 – whereasRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1108 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought, cognitive impairment, and mood symptoms. Hallucinations may include hearing voices (auditory hallucinations) or seeing people (visual hallucinations) that are not actually present. Patient also often have â€Å"negative† findings such as decreased energy, flat affect, and a lack of interest. These symptoms must typically be present for at least 6 months andRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1060 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is a well-known emotional and mental disorder that causes hallucinations, and paranoid and delusional behaviour (Hoffer, 2004). In contrast to many other diseases, schizophrenia is mostly due to genetics and influenced by the environment. People who suffer from this disorder usually cannot differentiate from the imaginative world from the real one. Schizophrenia is often a result of stress and develops gradually (DeLisi, 2011). It is therefore, essential to start earlyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with them. Although there are many neurological diseases, schizophrenia is one of them. Schizophrenia is one of the more known disorders in the psychological world. Throughout this paper the following questions are answered: what is schizophrenia, what are the causes of schizophrenia, what are some of the types of schizophrenia, and what are the treatment options for those who are diagnosed with schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder and is chronic and severe to those thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Schizophrenia1205 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia Roughly 2.5 Million Americans have been diagnosed with a chronical brain disorder known as Schizophrenia. Most people believe schizophrenia causes people to have split personalities, but that’s not the case. The illness called Schizophrenia causes a person to hallucinate, hear voices that others can’t hear, make people believe that they are being watched, and the belief somebody is out to harm them. (Mental Health America 2015) In this paper I will write about the prevalence, whatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1011 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a mental disorder that consists of hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thought. â€Å"Schizo† if Greek for Split while â€Å"phrene† means mind; schizophrenia literally translates to split mind (Burton, 2012). Why is schizophrenia considered to be split minded? According to Khouzam, 2012 split mind is used to describe the disruption within the thought process Schizophrenia i s a mental disorder that has subcategories that include paranoia, catatonia, disorganized, residual andRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia843 Words   |  4 PagesPeople who suffered from schizophrenia were once mistaken to be â€Å"dangerous† and untreatable. For this reason, they were often institutionalized and removed from society (DiRocco). The causes of this mental psychotic disorder has been much more understood over the past decade resulting in the possibility for people with schizophrenia to live more average lives. Development of treatments, such as medication and various forms of psychotherapies, have been effective in treating symptoms and common comorbidRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1058 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is defined as â€Å"a brain disorder that affects the way a person behaves, thinks, and sees the world.†(Melinda Smith, Jeanne Segal). Schizophrenia is treatable but incurable, and is present in one percent of the general population. Some people with schizophrenia can function normally without the help of medicines, while others must rely on medications. The disorder can also get so severe that an individual may need to be hospitalized or worse. The measures needed to treat schizophreniaRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1545 Words   |  7 PagesSchizophrenia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), is a psychotic disorder that is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviour, and other symptoms that cause social or occupati onal dysfunction (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The symptoms of schizophrenia invade every aspect of a person: the way someone thinks, feels, and behaves; which implicates their interpersonal and working relationships. Individuals suffering

Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals at a Glance

Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals at a Glance Introducing Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals In case you're indecisive to pay a person to compose your essay, explore other facets of our websites or contact our support team for any extra guidelines. After you know what kind of essay you're going to write in class, we can share samples so that you may see what you'll need to write. In the event that you were assigned a particular topic or you picked it all on your own, looking through samples will be advisable. There are lots of unique topics that you may choose to write about when it regards academic writing at college level. What to Expect From Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals? If you must compose a cause and effect essay on animals, then there's a wide range of unique approaches that you can take. There has to be a crystal clear relationship between the effects and the reasons for the topic you decide on. While describing a health problem such as some sort of disease, it's possible to include a number of consequences. There are several harmful and dangerous effects related to smoking. Smoking has turned into a trend in the present world, though people know how harmful it is. Folks begin to smoke to become new experience and to locate a way to cut back stresses and feel relaxed. Students should look closely at the way things relate to one another. Animals fight with one another on sharing their favourite feed. The Basic Facts of Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Most importantly, all kinds of essay writing demands the writer to experience the essay few times before finalizing the content to make certain it is readable and concise. You're able to choose a topic from the list according to the requirement of your course and begin writing your essay hook and the remaining portion of the essay easily. Your essay should prove your thesis statement. Although writing an MBA essay is much like writing any diff erent type of essay in addition, there are difference that you have to know about to be able to compose a wonderful paper. Writing a great essay about cause and effect is simpler than it might seem. The cause and effect essay outline is likely to serve you as a guide for the remainder of the paper. More often you'll have to select your own cause and effect essay topic. Cause and effect essay topics are thought to be a simple staff, but they ought to be catchy. Cause and effect is a typical way of organizing and discussing ideas. The body section will subsequently go into far greater detail, examining all the various aspects concerning the cause and effect of the issue which you're discussing. As a result, if you should take a look at mammals, then you would take a look at how reproduction occurs, in addition to various details regarding the gestation period, followed by the authentic act of birth itself. Whispered Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Secrets Once more, based on the content you've got to provide, the essay needs to be organized to suit your information efficiently and neatl y. Based on the content of your blog, it's possible to even use a few of the topics listed above. If you're looking for a specific topic that changes its meaning through time, make certain that essays on the site are up-to-date. Whenever your topic is associated with the subject of the essay sample, have a look at the reference list. Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Explained The cause and effect essay mainly has the discussion about the reason for the occurrence of a specific thing in addition to the impact of occurrence of the exact same. A cause and effect essay is the kind of paper that the writer is using to analyze the causes and effects of a certain action or event. A cause is the thing that makes something happen, and a result is what the results are on account of the cause. It's also essential to note that the cause is usually written before the result is, but there are rare cases once the effect is going to be written first. There is just one cause, but there are lots of effects. There are various sorts of effects and causes that you could take under consideration. You may not wind up using all the causes and effects listed in your chart. In addition, there are less important ones that are known as the contributory results and causes. Cause and effect essay have many sub-types. Before you commence working on cause and effect essay outline the very first thing you have to do is to select a winning topic. 1 moment in past you want to revisit. One particular recent moment of bliss that you've experienced.

Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to prepare an effective business marketing plan for the Everysight Raptor Augmented Reality (AR) Glasses, which is one of the newly introduced technological gadget dependent upon the principles of virtual reality. Report will highlight upon the Features which are associated with the new technological gadget along with its importance that the user can enjoy. It is important to mention that Augmented reality glass, currently do not have huge popularity compared to many other technological gadgets, as less number of people are aware of its presence and features that are associated with the device. The marketing plan will help to increase Awareness of the technological lover by providing detailed information related to the AR glass. The current marketing plan will conduct the SWOT analysis, along with examining the competitive environment of the product. It is important to fix upon the marketing and financial objectives, which will be reflected upon the marketing plan. Special focus will be given up on the digital communication, which will be a part of the promotional campaign for the newly launched product. The report will end by providing the technique of marketing control process, which is necessary for monitoring the overall business performance of the Augmented reality glass. Deciding among the steps in the marketing plan is an important part of the sales procedure of Everysight Raptor AR Glasses. As mentioned by Manorek et al., (2016), in the primary step it is necessary to provide detailed description of the product along with its features and advantages. This is the primary step due to the fact that the detail information of the product will have the target customer groups to understand its significance and importance in the daily life. This is an important step in making the marketing plan as it is in the process of product and brand identification. The following step it is important for the company to decide upon the target audience. Due to the fact that this type of gadget is yet to gain popularity, currently the target customer for the marketing plan will be limited to small group, which will include only high gadget freaks individuals mainly belonging to the recharge section of the society. The following path the company will have to decide upon t he steps of implementing and executing the marketing plan and gain competitive advantage in the respective domain (Paik Zhu, 2013). Special promotional event will be held by Everysight Raptor Company, which can help them to highlight upon the importance of AR glasses and its significance. It is also important to decide upon the overall budget of the marketing plan before implementing the same. Due to the fact that the target audience for the AR glasses is limited to a small group of audience, it will not be necessary for the company to invest huge amount in the marketing plan. Swot and Competitor Analysis The SWOT analysis tool is an essential part of the marketing planning, which helps an organisation to decide upon their internal strengths and weaknesses along with the threats and opportunities that exist in the market (Babin Zikmund, 2015). The major strength for the Everysight Raptor is due to the fact that they are able to provide high quality product and are able to incorporate the latest technological design, thereby incorporating smart features. The major strength of their Augmented reality glass is due to the fact that they are able to incorporate features of GPS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and many other forms of latest technology which can give them a competitive edge compared to other Rivals. The lower price of their product, compare to that of Samsung, Google or Apple, it is possible for Everysight Raptor to increase up on the range of customer and thereby enable them to increase the popularity of this new type of smart Technology. The major weakness for the company is due to the fact that less number of people are aware about the brand, that and the use of this Augmented reality glasses. Due to the low level of popularity of this product, it is always important for the company to provide extra effort to increase the level of awareness of the technology lovers. In spite of the fact that currently there is lower rate of popularity of the Augmented reality glass, it is expected to be one of the most popular products in the coming years. The consumer wearable products, which include fitness band and Augmented reality glass is believed to be one of the important for all fitness lover individual. The opportunity will also enhance due to the fact that fitness and sports have become an important part of the culture of most of the nations in the globe. It is also relevant to mention that between the year 2014 and 18 the market for wearable technological devices have increased to 78% (Giartosio Tregnaghi, 2013). This is expected to rise even more the coming years due to the fact that more people are growing the tendency of making use of the product, which can enable them to provide smart information in the form of virtual reality. The major threat for the company is due to the fact that it is highly challenging for them to gain competitive advantage and attract the customers, due to the presence of reputed brands such as Samsung, apple and Google. These large scale companies and effective marketing strategies which can be a major threat for Everysight Raptor and it can be a major challenge for them to seek the attention of the customers. There is also the threat from new entrants, which includes start up technological companies such as MJ Bale, who are providing same type of gadgets at much cheaper rate. It is relevant to mention that cheaper product will be more popular due to the fact that most of the people might not be willing to spend huge amount for a gadget which is currently not much popular within the technological market. There is also the threat from alternative products of augmented reality glasses which includes the Lenovo New Glass C200 and the Snaps Spectacle Glasses (Lanman et al., 2014). All these alternative devices of augmented reality glasses are some of the major competitors, who can capture a significant part of the market share of wearable technological devices. Marketing and Financial Objectives It is important for the company decide upon their financial and marketing objectives, which will be reflected upon their Marketing plan and the process of making financial budget. At the initial stage the financial and marketing objectives will be decided on a period of first 6 months. Following are the set of marketing objectives for Everysight Raptor Augmented Reality (AR) Glasses: To increase the level of awareness of customers and technological lover about the advantages of using Augmented reality glasses in everyday life. Highlight upon the smart new features of the new launch augmented reality glasses using effective Marketing Communication strategies and promotional campaigns. To capture at least 20% of the market share for wearable technological devices within the first 6 months. To make a profit of 2 million dollar within the first 6 months. Lower the price of the product for the first month after the launch period and then vary the price depending upon the response from the market. To make most use of the medium of digital marketing, this will help to lower the cost of promotional campaigns. Marketing strategy and Marketing Communication Plan The 4 P's of marketing mix tool will be used for implementing the business strategy, which will help the company to control certain parameters related to price and promotional techniques (Kim Lee, 2015). Product: It is important for the company to highlight upon the smart features of the product, which includes GPS enabled spectacles with 2GB of RAM. Advanced level of processor along with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth will also be enabled in the new glass. These smart new features will enable the user to project the physical environment into the virtual reality glass, which will have dedicated speaker, gyroscope, barometer, magnetometer and accelerometer. The product will also have a longer battery life compared to most of the rivals. This will ensure that user do not have to worry about frequently charging of the device (Denning et al., 2014). Price: Due to the fact that augmented reality glass is yet to gain popularity among the technological never, the price will be kept at premium level, which will help the company to make sufficient level of profit thereby ensuring sustainability for the future market, which can be help them to make use of the upcoming opportunity. It is also relevant to mention that due to shortage of supply, the company has to spend high-level in the manufacturing process. This will have direct impact on the pricing level of the product. Place: Everysight Raptor Augmented Reality (AR) Glasses will be launched all across the globe. The main area of purpose will be communities, which have a strong fascination towards maintaining a level of fitness and passion towards outdoor Sports. In most of the places the product will be available through both online and offline distribution channels. However, in the remote regions, the company will only have to depend upon online channels. Promotion: For promotional event company will be depend upon digital marketing channels, which will mainly depend upon the digital communication channels. This will include online technological blogs and social media websites. The company will publish dedicated blog for raising the level of awareness of the target customer about the significance of using augmented reality glass. Special dedicated pages will be designed in social media platforms, which will help them to form online communities to discuss and communicate about the importance of AR glasses. With the help of digital communication techniques, it will also be possible for the customers to reach out the company executives for issues related to after sales service. The product growth life cycle planning will be used as a part of the action program achieves the financial and marketing objectives of AR glasses of Everysight Raptor. In the initial phase, the product will be in the growth phase. In this stage, the company cannot expect to gain any profit due to the fact that most of the expenditure will be spent upon marketing activities. For the first three months, the product will be at its growth stage, where the company will have to face financial loss. However, for the next few months the product will be at its maturity stage and action program will be taken accordingly to maximize the profit level. During the growth phase, the company will offer some introductory offer, which will be Limited for the first month after the launch of the product (Silaban et al., 2014). During the maturity phase, the company will aim to maximize the channel of distribution, which will help them to increase the volume of sales. Implementation and Control of marketing Plan It is important for every business organisation to effective process of marketing control, which will help them to monitor the overall performance (Xie Liang, 2013). Following are the Major steps that are incorporated in the process of marketing control that will be implemented by Everysight Raptor. Collection of feedback and opinion from theexisting customers and other technological experts. Calculation of the total profit that is earned from the sales of augmented reality glasses. Measurement of the response and information that are collected as primary sources from the consumer markets. Comparing the record of sales with that of others Augmented reality glasses that exist in the market. Fixing upon a performance standard, this will be followed. Conclusion In the concluding note it can be said that the existing marketing plan that are resented forEverysight Raptor Augmented Reality (AR) Glasses will aim to increase the market popularity of the product. It is important for the company to evaluate the internal strengths and weaknesses, which will ultimately help them to exploit the opportunities that exist in the respective market. The company will also use the platform of digital communication, which will be the major source distribution. Reference Babin, B. J., Zikmund, W. G. (2015). Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Denning, T., Dehlawi, Z., Kohno, T. (2014, April). In situ with bystanders of augmented reality glasses: Perspectives on recording and privacy-mediating technologies. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 2377-2386). ACM. Giartosio, F., Tregnaghi, G. (2013). U.S. Patent Application No. 14/439,595. Kim, K. Y., Lee, B. G. (2015). Marketing insights for mobile advertising and consumer segmentation in the cloud era: AQR hybrid methodology and practices. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 91, 78-92. Lanman, D., Fuchs, H., Mine, M., McDowall, I., Abrash, M. (2014). Put on your 3D glasses now: the past, present, and future of virtual and augmented reality. In ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference, SIGGRAPH 2014. Association for Computing Machinery. Manorek, S. L., Pangemanan, S. S., Rumokoy, F. (2016). The Influence of Brand Image, Advertising, Perceived Price Toward Consumer Purchase Intention at Samsung Smartphone. JURNAL RISET EKONOMI, MANAJEMEN, BISNIS DAN AKUNTANSI, 3(4). Paik, Y., Zhu, F. (2013). The impact of patent wars on firm strategy: Evidence from the global smartphone market. Harvard Business School. Silaban, D. P., Saerang, D. P., Rumokoy, F. S. (2014). Analyzing the personal factors influencing purchase decision of samsung smartphone in manado. Jurnal riset ekonomi, manajemen, bisnis dan akuntansi, 2(1). Xie, W., Liang, H. (2013, July). A case study: Innovation strategy assessment of the leading smartphone companies. In Innovation Conference (SIIC), 2013 Suzhou-Silicon Valley-Beijing International (pp. 121-126). IEEE.

Important Presidential Elections Some Of The Most Important Presidenti

Important presidential elections Some of the most important presidential elections 1812 The election of 1812 consisted of a battle between James Madison, and De Witt Clinton. Madison had represented both Democratic and Republican beliefs, while Clinton was a Federalist. James Madison was born in Port Conway, Va., on March 16, 1751. A Princeton graduate, he joined the struggle for independence on his return to Virginia in 1771. He had been an active politician in the 1770's and 1780's. He was greatly know for championing the Jefferson reform program, and in the Continental Congress. Madison, in collaboration, had participated greatly in the, Federalist, a paper who's main purpose was to ratify the constitution. Madison first became president in 1809, when he bested Charles C. Pickney. He had led the U.S. in a very unpopular war, in which the U.S. hadn't been prepared for...the War of 1812. De Witt Clinton was a Federalist, who's main purpose of the election was to get the U.S. out of a war in which he felt was very unnecessary. DeWitt held every major elective office in New York between 1797 and 1828--assemblyman, senator, mayor of New York City, lieutenant governor, and governor. He was a philanthropist and patron of the arts and science and, as canal commissioner, championed construction of the Erie and Champlain canals The method in which these candidates received nomination was by the Electoral College, or by King Caucus. The idea of political conventions had not been present at this time. There were no third-party candidates in this election. The major issue of this election was the War of 1812. The War of 1812, or "Mr. Madison's War", had been very unpopular among different sections of America. Mainly the ship owners in New England. The war was supposed to protect. This war was supposed to help their shipping, but instead, it had kept them from trading and making money. The winner of the election of 1812 was James Madison. Ma dison collected 128 electoral votes, while Clinton received 89, and the number of "No Votes Cast" was 1. The Vice-presidential candidate, who won the election was Elbridge Gerry, who received 131 electoral votes, while Jared Ingersoll received 86. There was no record of the number of popular votes for this election. My opinion of why Madison had won the election is because he had led the country into the War of 1812, and therefore, he should be allowed to fight it. He was also much more popular than De Witt Clinton. Madison's part in ratifying the Constitution, and his other early deeds, were also influential on the voters minds. He also did pretty well during his first term. 1844 The candidates for the election of 1844 were James K. Polk, and Henry Clay. Two very respectable men, who had great plans for the U.S. Polk represented the Democratic party, while Clay represented the Whigs. James Knox Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, N.C., on November 2, 1795. He graduated from the University of North Carolina, from which he then moved to Tennessee, where he became prominent in state politics. He was elected to the house of representatives in 1825. He was elected Speaker of the House in 1835. Four years later, he was elected governor of Tennessee, but was beaten in tries for re-election in 1841, and 1843. Martin Van Buren, the president prior to the 1844 election, counted on Polk as his running mate; but when Van Buren's stand on Texas alienated Southern support, the convention swung to Polk on the Ninth ballot. Henry Clay, a key figure in U.S. politics during the first half of the 19th century, was a master of the art of political compromise. Born in Hanover County, Va., on April 12, 1777, he studied law in Richmond and moved to the frontier state of Kentucky in 1797. Clay became more and more important in Kentucky politics, becoming speaker of the state assembly in 1807, and winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1811. Clay ma de his first try for the presidency in 1824. Four men ran, including Andrew Jackson, were on the ballot. When no candidate won a majority, Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams. Important Presidential Elections Some Of The Most Important Presidenti Important presidential elections Some of the most important presidential elections 1812 The election of 1812 consisted of a battle between James Madison, and De Witt Clinton. Madison had represented both Democratic and Republican beliefs, while Clinton was a Federalist. James Madison was born in Port Conway, Va., on March 16, 1751. A Princeton graduate, he joined the struggle for independence on his return to Virginia in 1771. He had been an active politician in the 1770's and 1780's. He was greatly know for championing the Jefferson reform program, and in the Continental Congress. Madison, in collaboration, had participated greatly in the, Federalist, a paper who's main purpose was to ratify the constitution. Madison first became president in 1809, when he bested Charles C. Pickney. He had led the U.S. in a very unpopular war, in which the U.S. hadn't been prepared for...the War of 1812. De Witt Clinton was a Federalist, who's main purpose of the election was to get the U.S. out of a war in which he felt was very unnecessary. DeWitt held every major elective office in New York between 1797 and 1828--assemblyman, senator, mayor of New York City, lieutenant governor, and governor. He was a philanthropist and patron of the arts and science and, as canal commissioner, championed construction of the Erie and Champlain canals The method in which these candidates received nomination was by the Electoral College, or by King Caucus. The idea of political conventions had not been present at this time. There were no third-party candidates in this election. The major issue of this election was the War of 1812. The War of 1812, or "Mr. Madison's War", had been very unpopular among different sections of America. Mainly the ship owners in New England. The war was supposed to protect. This war was supposed to help their shipping, but instead, it had kept them from trading and making money. The winner of the election of 1812 was James Madison. Ma dison collected 128 electoral votes, while Clinton received 89, and the number of "No Votes Cast" was 1. The Vice-presidential candidate, who won the election was Elbridge Gerry, who received 131 electoral votes, while Jared Ingersoll received 86. There was no record of the number of popular votes for this election. My opinion of why Madison had won the election is because he had led the country into the War of 1812, and therefore, he should be allowed to fight it. He was also much more popular than De Witt Clinton. Madison's part in ratifying the Constitution, and his other early deeds, were also influential on the voters minds. He also did pretty well during his first term. 1844 The candidates for the election of 1844 were James K. Polk, and Henry Clay. Two very respectable men, who had great plans for the U.S. Polk represented the Democratic party, while Clay represented the Whigs. James Knox Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, N.C., on November 2, 1795. He graduated from the University of North Carolina, from which he then moved to Tennessee, where he became prominent in state politics. He was elected to the house of representatives in 1825. He was elected Speaker of the House in 1835. Four years later, he was elected governor of Tennessee, but was beaten in tries for re-election in 1841, and 1843. Martin Van Buren, the president prior to the 1844 election, counted on Polk as his running mate; but when Van Buren's stand on Texas alienated Southern support, the convention swung to Polk on the Ninth ballot. Henry Clay, a key figure in U.S. politics during the first half of the 19th century, was a master of the art of political compromise. Born in Hanover County, Va., on April 12, 1777, he studied law in Richmond and moved to the frontier state of Kentucky in 1797. Clay became more and more important in Kentucky politics, becoming speaker of the state assembly in 1807, and winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1811. Clay ma de his first try for the presidency in 1824. Four men ran, including Andrew Jackson, were on the ballot. When no candidate won a majority, Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams.

6 Powerful Reasons to Quit Your Job

6 Powerful Reasons to Quit Your Job In any job, there will be things you need to put up with. Personality differences, questionable lunch choices in an open-plan cubicle environment, the coworker who clips his nails at his desk- all are things that likely need to be endured (or at least ignored) in the interest of workplace harmony. However, there are definitely some serious workplace issues where you shouldn’t adopt the â€Å"suck it up† policy. Here are 6 powerful reasons you should quit your job.1. Being asked to do something morally or ethically wrongWe all have core personal morals and values, no matter what job we’re doing. If your job asks you to do something you know is wrong, or that you believe to be wrong, this is not a job you should keep. The request may be something small, something you could push through and look the other way, but that small thing could grow into a larger ask or a series of requests that make you feel uncomfortable. Very few jobs are worth having panic attacks- even fewer are worth sacrificing your core values.2. Being asked to do anything illegalThis is even less of a gray area. It’s not just you thinking this is wrong, it’s the law. In real life, illegal activity isn’t always caught like it is in the Hollywood-ized version- but if your company (or your boss) is ever caught and scrutinized, do you really want to be the one holding the bag? â€Å"I was just doing my job† sounds awfully weak in court, so why put yourself in that position? If your job is asking you to do things that are illegal, that opens up a whole host of consequences that you need to consider carefully. Unless you’re ready to deal with those consequences, it’s time to hand in your notice.3. Harassment or bullyingBullying is something that happens only in kids’ lives, right? Surely professional adults would never stoop to that kind of behavior. Sadly, no. Verbal abuse is never okay, whether it’s from senior employees to junior ones, or colleagues who think it’s funny to belittle others. Basically, you should never be made to feel uncomfortable in a work situation- and if you are, it’s okay to speak up and say so. All of you are professionals, and deserving of respect- no matter if you’re the CEO or the assistant. You shouldn’t assume by default that you’re just being thin-skinned; Human Resource departments are trained in how to handle situations like this effectively and discreetly. If that doesn’t work and it becomes a pattern, it’s time to move on.4. Giving up a personal life.This is a pretty common refrain, ‘cause it’s true: no one gets to the end of a career and wishes that he or she’d worked more hours instead of spending time with friends and family. Many jobs, especially ones outside the 9-to-5 template or ones that work on deadlines, make it challenging to balance work and personal life.If you find that your personal life is being crowded out altogether due to your long hours or answering emails 24/7, it’s definitely time for a priority re-evaluation. If you don’t see the situation getting better, then don’t wait for the Ghost of Christmas Past to come along and remind you of everything you missed by staying at your job. Start looking for a new job (or even a different career path) that works with your personal goals as well as your professional ones.5. Jobs that hurt you physicallyMost jobs are up front about physical demands†¦must be able to lift 50 pounds or more, must be able to stand for hours at a time. If you find yourself performing physically demanding tasks that you didn’t know you were signing on to do, you don’t have to suck it up and pop painkillers to get through your day. Or even if you knew ahead of time, but you’re less able to cope with the heavy lifting and standing than you used to be, it’s time to think hard about what youâ⠂¬â„¢re doing. Your health is not worth losing for one job.6. Sexual harassmentThis can be one of the toughest dealbreakers to handle, because often it’s not the job itself that is the problem- it’s a person in your workplace. Again, you should never be made to feel uncomfortable at work. However, in reality, identifying it and doing something about it can turn into a complicated mess of â€Å"he said/she said,† and the person reporting it can be made to feel like they’d have negative career repercussions for doing so. If someone at your job (any gender, any seniority level) is making you feel uncomfortable by making inappropriate comments or advances, that’s just not acceptable. The stress of the situation may well undo any positive career progress you’d get by staying, so it’s important to take a serious look at other job options and opportunities. You should never, ever feel obligated to stay in a role where you’re treated s o unprofessionally. And more importantly, you should never feel like you need to hide it and keep going for the sake of the job.There are always other jobs out there. That can be tough to imagine in a tight job market, but a job that asks you to violate any number of personal boundaries is likely not a job that would make you proud and fulfilled later on in your career. Sometimes it’s best to walk away, with your best self intact, and search for the next opportunity.

Have we learned any lessons from the financial crisis of 2007-8 Assignment

Have we learned any lessons from the financial crisis of 2007-8 - Assignment Example When the criticality of the matter dawned on the American society, it was difficult to accept the dire consequences of the downfall. Organizations deemed stable enough to survive any surging economic pressure proved to be at the verge of collapse in the 2008 scenario. President Obama had to help America resolve the issue, and settling it needed firm decisions taken in good time to save the average American from the consequences resulting from the crisis. This is how the Dodd-Frank law surfaced as a potential solution to the imminent financial collapsing of the great economy. It is of essence to highlight the critical lessons learnt from the crisis and doing that is the sole purpose of this paper. Causes of the 2008 Recession An analysis of the real situation in 2008 and highlight the main causes of the collapsing of big financial institutions. One fact about the issue is that Americans had build too much trust on some of the banks that they did not see the crisis, coming and this is the main reason why Americans became victims. This does not assert that people should not trust banks but should do so after judging their credibility based on their financial reports. At least people should make an informed choice be ore trusting financial institutions. ... Understanding how banks operate is essential in analyzing how the recession resulted. All banks often make investments that can turn to be failures. If that happens, experts can calculate the asset value and these banks can receive recapitalization for the loss. However, the level of trust is very fundamental in determining whether a bank is worthy of recapitalization. Its performance in the market must prove that it is not subject to sudden collapsing. Banks deemed stable enough in the market have resulted to a form of pathology as Fischer described in his recent speech. These banks reached a point whereby assessing how much they lost in bad investments became a challenge. Before the onset of the recession, these banks were safe havens for most people. Majority of financial experts thought that these banks only suffered losses via mortgage insecurities. However, facts reveal that other toxic investments increased the losses incurred by banks. The bigger banks stand better chances in the market because of the privilege they have. Their stability in the market becomes a crucial factor that serves to reduce chances of bankruptcy declaration. While the less stable banks have a great fear of taking great business risks in fear of ending up bankrupt, the bigger banks can take costly risks much more easily as Arcand, Berkes and Panizza mentioned in their working paper released in 2009. In 2006, big banks sought to take advantage of the declining house prices hoping to make profits in the secondary market as Feng, and Serilitis in their research paper in 2009 on efficiency and technical change in U.S banks. Their investment in housing had its basis on mortgage security. Predictions were that housing

In what respects does the postmodern city differ from its modern Essay

In what respects does the postmodern city differ from its modern counterpart - Essay Example The way in which the cities are built and expanded, as well as the framework for different buildings and components create this difference and lead to an understanding of how the city has changed while those living in a specific society have also altered. The Postmodern City The concept of the postmodern city became associated with the 1960s and was parallel to the changing lives of those in Western cities. The buildings as well as the structure of the city was known to construct with the cultural components, specifically with individuals moving out of the industrial age of mass production and into the entrepreneurial spirit. This was combined with the desire to build a sense of diversity, both in terms of the structures and architecture of buildings as well as the way in which the economics of different neighborhoods were able to work together. It was the two concepts of diversity and expansion out of the mass production that began to drive forward the ideology of the city. This was combined with the imperialist thought that was still associated with the elite, specifically which became interested in cities that could express a sense of wealth and power in various areas. Each of these proponents changed the city as well as the architecture and designs associated with each neighborhood. The concept of capitalism and the growth of urban renewal that could offer restructuring for money then became the most important component to building structures (Harvey, 1990: 6). The idea of development and the associations with postmodernism became reflective of the culture in several ways. While there was a movement outside of the mass production, there was also an increase in the consumer society. Individuals were interested in expansion specifically from the viewpoint of capitalism and economic structures that would assist in the building of wealth. Building a consumer culture followed this, specifically by building diverse neighborhoods that combined systematic areas whi ch allowed individuals to consume easily and to maintain a heightened lifestyle through various products and goods. The consumption not only became relevant in the basic needs but also became reflective of one’s personality, social status and meaning of lifestyle which was associated with those in society. The result was the desire to create a sense of utopia by presenting the perfect image and by associating this with the neighborhoods which had been built, all which were based on consumer behaviors (Clarke, 2003: 167). Development of Modernism The concept of consumerism and diversity in is one which arose from a backlash among those interested in architecture and the transformations of society and culture. This came from the modernist approach of society. Many began to believe that the culture which was a part of each community was reflective of the values or loss of morality which occurred, specifically with the concept of creating and developing while maintaining a balanc e with those in society. Modernist thought was based first on the need to develop, specifically so individuals could come out of the communities and recognize a sense of diversity that was associated with a given region. The development was followed by reflecting this with the values and morality which one held as well as how this could create a reflection from the architecture and construction of the city (Berman, 1988: pg. 90). The idea of value which was built formed into the development of moving back into the natural and into

Affective Filter And Second Language Acquisition

Affective Filter And Second Language Acquisition As the number of ELL students increases on campuses across the nation, there is a growing need for educators to somehow increase their awareness about the process of second language acquisition, and different ways to promote students learning and acquisition of a new language. ELL students usually experience stress and anxiety as they are very much aware of their lack of proficiency in English. This often interferes with their learning and acquisition of a new language. In recent years the importance of affective filter has become a matter of debate and extensive research among language teachers, linguists and researchers. The major purpose of this paper is therefore, to address the implications and importance that affective filter has on the language acquisition of especially English Language Learners (ELLs). Overview of Krashens Theory of Language Acquisition Krashens theory of second language acquisition has had a great impact in the field of education, especially that of acquiring and learning a new language. Based on internal psychological factors, his theory holds that humans have an innate ability to learn language (Krashen, 1982). According to Krashen, a second language is most successfully acquired when the conditions are similar to those present in first language acquisition: that is, when the focus of instruction is on meaning rather than on form; when the language input is at or just above the proficiency of the learner; and when there is sufficient opportunity to engage in meaningful use of that language in a relatively anxiety-free environment. He emphasized the importance of providing learners with comprehensible input in a risk-free environment. Krashen also maintained that low stress situations provide the greatest opportunity for learners to improve their language competency. AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Krashens theory of second language acquisition consists of five interrelated hypotheses which reflect an understanding of both linguistics and of psychology: The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis, the Monitor hypothesis, the Natural Order hypothesis, the Input Hypothesis, and the Affective Filter Hypothesis. Despite of the significance of all of these hypotheses in language learning and acquisition, this paper prioritizes the last, but also one of the most important hypotheses in the process of language learning and acquisition, the Affective Filter Hypothesis. Rosenthal (1996) found that although Duley and Burt were among the first to refer to the relationship between the affective delimiters and L2 acquisition, it was Krashen who championed the connection. In Krashens work, the affective filter hypothesis explains the role of affective factors in the process of language acquisition (2003). It suggests that emotional variables can hinder comprehensible input from reaching the part of the brain responsible for acquiring language. Krashen (1981) postulated that an affective filter exists that can increase or decrease the intake of the comprehensible input. He found that a high level of stress and anxiety creates a filter that impedes learning, blocks the intake, and reduces L2 acquisition. When the filter is up, input cant reach those parts of the brain where acquisition occurs. Many language learners realize that the reason they have trouble is because they are nervous or embarrassed and simply cant concentrate. In other words, the input is filtered out. Krashen also concluded that a low affective filter on the other side facilitates learning and promotes second language acquisition. The Affective Filter hypothesis embodies Krashens view that a number of affective variables play a facilitative, but non-causal, role in second language acquisition (2003). These AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION variables include: motivation, self-confidence and anxiety. According to him, it is easier for a learner to acquire a language when he/she is not tense, angry, anxious, and bored. Krashen claimed that learners with high motivation, self-confidence, a good self-image, and a low level of anxiety are better equipped for success in second language acquisition. Low motivation, low self-esteem, and debilitating anxiety can combine to raise the affective filter and form a mental block that prevents comprehensible input from being used for acquisition. In other words, when the filter is up it impedes language acquisition. On the other hand, positive affect is necessary, but not sufficient on its own, for acquisition to take place. Therefore, educators need to provide an environment that reduces stress and anxiety and also increases the ELL students motivation and self-esteem. This, according to Krashen, provides opportunities for language acquisition to occur more efficiently and quickly amo ng the learners (2003). The Motivation Variable A number of studies conducted in the field of ESL learning show that motivation is crucial to successful ESL learning (Andres, 2003). Within a school system the amount of motivation that children bring into the classroom with them is highly variable. It depends both on age and on family background factors. In-school factors also influence motivation. Crookes and Schmidt (1991) argued that intrinsic motivation, the one that stems from the interest in the activity itself independent from extrinsic reward, should be favored in the classroom. According to them, teachers can foster intrinsic motivation by posing reasonable challenging tasks to students, basing them on the perceptions of learners needs and providing for plenty of variety in classroom activities. AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Conversely, Fontana (1988) argued that there are occasions when students intrinsic motivation is insufficient and recourse has to be made to motivation of an extrinsic tangible nature. Thus, it seems that balance should be kept between both stances, understanding that extrinsic motivation may be valid, useful and even necessary, but if overused, in the long run it can be detrimental to students autonomy. Teachers own behaviour can either positively or negatively influence the learners desire and willingness to learn and continue learning the language. Based on his instructional design model for motivation, Keller (1979) suggested four different ways to help teachers increase the motivation of all students, especially of ELL learners: stimulating interest in the topic; creating relevance to students lives; developing an expectancy of success, and producing satisfaction in the outcome through intrinsic/extrinsic rewards. Clearly defined tasks, which are both interesting and sufficiently challenging, are also of the utmost importance. Furthermore, concerning curriculum and instruction, the importance of authentic, communicative tasks and assignments cannot be emphasized enough. Research by Oxford and Shearin (1996) also supports the critical role of educators in enhancing the motivation of ELL students. According to them, teachers can help shape students beliefs about success and failure in L2 learning. They found that teachers can help students improve motivation by showing that L2 learning can be an exciting mental challenge, a career enhancer, a vehicle to cultural awareness and friendship, and a key to world peace. In addition, teachers can make the L2 classroom a welcoming, positive place where psychological needs are met and where language anxiety is kept to a minimum. Most importantly, educators can urge AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION students to develop their own intrinsic rewards through positive self-talk, guided self-evaluation, and mastery of specific goals, rather than comparison with other students. Teachers can thus promote a sense of greater self-efficacy, increasing motivation to continue learning a new language and master the academic content as well. In the ELL classroom is vitally important that the curriculum and instructional strategies used are comprehensible. If language learners cannot comprehend the language input they receive, often they will become frustrated and check-out, no longer putting effort into the language learning process. This frustration, if not addressed early on, becomes overwhelming and discouraging to students and, as Duff (2001) reports, frustration and failure may lead to higher than average drop-out rates among immigrant students in high school, especially those whose home-country education or L1 literacy skills are limited (p.105). Therefore, teachers must make a concerted effort during instruction to assure that language input is comprehensible to ELLs. This certainly increases their motivation to learn the new language and also the academic content. Helpful suggestions for making input comprehensible include pre-teaching vocabulary, providing study guides, and graphic organizers etc. With these too ls, teachers provide students with the scaffolding necessary to motivate, and challenge students, but not frustrate them to the point of overwhelming or discouraging. In addition to providing students with comprehensible input, teachers must provide students with opportunities to experience success. In order for students to be motivated in continuing the language learning process, they must have enough self-efficacy, or confidence, to know that they are capable. One way to help meet this affective need in students through AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION curriculum and instruction is by planning activities in which students can experience success. As students effectively use learning strategies; there is a close association with the individuals self-efficacy (Zimmerman, 1990). Although these activities may not be necessarily easy, they must be tasks that students have tools and resources to complete with a sense of accomplishment. In addition to these types of tasks, students also experience success when they have choices over texts, activities, small grouping, topics, etc (Townsend and Fu, 2001). As students experience academic success and connections to their own knowledge and abilities, their self-efficacy and motivation to learn increases. With this affective need met, students are validated and more willing to take on new challenges in the language learning process. Ellis (1994) acknowledged McNamaras views that communication itself is also an important motivation learners acquire motivation from the need to express themselves and from the pleasure that they feel when they achieve this (p.516). Consequently, classes that provide opportunities for communication are going to have a more positive effect than those that do not. Interest increases as the learners are made responsible for their learning activities especially during interactive, flexible cooperative activities. Research supports two important claims regarding cooperative group work, particularly in the ELL classroom. First, minority students academic achievement increases with the use of cooperative learning activities (Aronson Gonzalez, 1998). Second, regarding the social and emotional needs of the learner, cooperative learning increases self-esteem and student motivation Slavin, 1985) and helps them develop empathy (Aronson Bridgemen, 1979). Cummins (1986) and Holt (1993) also emphasized the role of cooperative learning in maximizing the acquisition of English, its comprehensible input, and empowering students to use the language, hear it, and AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION model it for each other in a non-threatening environment. According to Stewart (2010), positive feedback, praise, and a sense of belonging can also be empowering for students who lack confidence in the subject matter. By giving them such feedback, ELL students may be motivated to put forth more effort, which will produce a higher quality of work, greater self-confidence, greater learning and then even more deserved positive feedback in a continuous loop. Last but not least, another factor that triggers the motivation of ELL students is the aspect of fun. Lin (2008) demonstrates the importance of fun in the classroom to lower the affective filter in her study with Taiwanese English as a Foreign Language students. She describes these activities as joyful and motivation-stirring and relaxing pedagogies (p. 126). Perhaps one of the most effective ways to lower the affective filter is to embrace the fun that I believe is inherent in second language learning. The Self-confidence variable The affective and emotional needs of students are deeply personal and influence language learning and academic achievement. The second variable that affects the affective filter and influences the process of language acquisition is self-confidence. Without some belief in oneself and ones abilities, it is easy to become anxious, frustrated, and discouraged. Work by Brown (1977) and Krashen (1981) reveals that traits related to self-confidence such as lack of anxiety, outgoing personality, and self-esteem are predictive of second language learning. The more confidence a student has about his abilities, the easier it is to participate in language learning activities, eventually leading to further language learning success. Conversely, when students lack self-confidence they tend to become overly anxious. This can have detrimental affects on language learning success as described by Gopaul-McNicol and Thomas-Presswood (1998): AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION A high anxiety level interferes with learning a second language because it not only impairs memory but it also decreases the learners willingness to take risks and practice the new language (p. 68). In addition, as anxiety increases frustration tolerance decreases; this causes students to become much more susceptible to giving up or quitting. It is very critical that students have a positive attitude towards themselves in the form of self-confidence/esteem, as previously discussed. This is an important affective need for all students, but particularly so for ELLs whose cultural identity is changing (Canadian Teachers Federation, 1989). While ELLs themselves need to have positive attitudes toward themselves, their culture, and second language, they also need to experience a positive social environment, which promotes acceptance, a sense of belonging, and community. According to Kristmanson (2003), it is very important for teachers to encourage and support students at all times, but especially when they are struggling or lacking confidence in certain areas, such as speaking a new language. For example, demonstrating interest and involvement in the children, getting to know them, their lives, their families, and capitalizing on the rich cultural knowledge and experiences their students bring to classroom increases their overall self-esteem and makes learning more meaningful. Finally, creating an atmosphere in which students are not afraid to make mistakes and are encouraged to take risks promotes their self-confidence. Lastly, praise also helps teachers build students confidence. Anxiety Variable Krashen (1981) states that low anxiety relates to success in second language acquisition (p. 56). ELL students are often very nervous about their first class in English. Everything is new to them the language, the building, the classroom, the culture of the classroom. Therefore, AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION it is very important to establish a welcoming classroom environment and thoroughly explain procedures and assignments to lower students anxiety levels. Avoiding tension-causing strategies such as surprise quizzes, overly competitive activities, putting students in front of their peers with no warning or chance for preparation, and correcting errors in a negative, accusatory fashion reduces the tension, nervousness, and affective filter of ELL students. Anxiety should be of a low level, and should be attached to the need to communicate, rather than to personality factors, or the fear of appearing ridiculous. Error correction must also be constructive and tailored to students individual needs. Examples of ways to gently and effectively correct students errors include reflecting their statements back to them, extending, and elaborating on statements. It is also important that error correction focus on mistakes that impede communication (global errors), rather than more minor grammatical errors (local errors). Recognizing the ELL students language proficiencies, differentiating instruction, materials, and assessment tools to meet their diverse needs certainly promotes language acquisition in a positive low- affective filter classroom. In conclusion, Krashens insistence on the importance of providing ELL learners with comprehensible input in a risk-free environment sends an important message to all teachers. As educators, we can make a significant difference in motivation, in anxiety levels and in the self image of our students. It is indeed our responsibility to establish a classroom environment that promotes camaraderie, makes every member feel welcome, wanted, validated and most importantly promotes their chances of acquiring and learning a new language in a positive, low-stress environment. This particular type of environment will certainly reduce our students affective filter, inspire them to learn the new language, and be successful in school. AFFECTIVE FILTER AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Essay About Family: Families Torn Apart :: essay about my family

Family ties have been a sour topic in my life since as long as I can remember. Through the years I have managed to cope with the reality of being on my own. Though it was not easy, I have been through more than most people my age. One of the hardest things I had to cope with was moving around as much as we did. I was born in Nurnberg, Germany while my father was in the military. When I was two, my parents divorced and I stayed with my father and lost all contact with my mother until I was 18. After they divorced, dad and I moved in and out of three states, and ended up in Wausau. Growing up with an abusive father, and without my mother, was very difficult to manage. To make matters worse, I attended 12 schools before high school, I had no friends. Homework was always a struggle for me, given that I attended 12 different schools. It seemed as if I was always behind or ahead of the class, because the last school was at a different pace or taught things differently. I have grown up without relying on family but relied on myself. Even today I have little or no contact with my family. My mother and all her relatives live in Oregon. I had the pleasure of reuniting with my mother in 1994. When we met again after 16 years I decided to live in Oregon with her. I stayed in Oregon for almost two years by then it was apparent that my mother and I lost the bond that a mother and child should always have. We were separated for so long, and I was at such a young age that I found it difficult to be close to her. I have since moved back to Wausau, and started a family of my own. On occasion I talk to my mother on the phone but this has never been a very fulfilling relationship either. Although unfulfilling, it has allowed for some progress in our relationship. In the same way I have lost connection with family so has Chakkravann "Chucky" Saukom. During an interview with my friend Chuck, I learned some very interesting things. Chuck moved to the United States in 1975 with a "first class ticket from the U.

Strategic Plan Part

This paper will identify strengths, nakedness, opportunities, threats and trends for some of those external factors such as economic and legal and regulatory forces and trends and how The Salad Bar will adapt to overcome them. The analysis will also cover supply chain as well as other issues and opportunities. Economic, Legal and Regulatory Forces and Trends Economic factors concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates (Pearce II, 2013). Prices play a large part in consumer choice when it comes to food.During economic downturns, restaurants with lower price points typically fare better so great consideration should be given to al pricing. However, the differentiation of The Salad Bars offering can be considered a strength there as customers are often willing to pay a little more for high quality, healthier foods. Given America's recent trends in health consciousness, especially when it comes to food, The Salad bar should have some extra flexibility when it comes to pricing regardless of the economic climate. Legal and regulatory factors will have a significant impact.Due to the recent problems with food safety, the FDA and USDA have implemented several new regulations to ensure public safety. The Salad Bar will need to ensure that it is constantly aware of existing regulations, exceeding expectations, and passing all inspections. A single black mark in this area could be disastrous given the promise of fresh and healthy food. Again, there has been a significant shift in eating habits and trends with many activists exposing the unhealthy nature Of some foods, their additives and the environmental impact with documentaries such as [Super-Size Me], [Food Inc. And [Fed Up]. The social factors that affect a firm involve the beliefs, values, attitudes, opinions, and lifestyles of persons in the firm's external environment (Pearce II, 2013). Socially, raw foods, also called whole foods are becoming more attractive options for the young and old who are embracing this back to basics food trend. People like the experience of eating out but often associate it with high prices, long waits, lack of family atmosphere and a lack of healthy choices. Few restaurants have truly embraced this trend however.Consider that some restaurant salads (without breadfruits and salad dressing) have as many calories as a burger and cost as much if not more. Competitively, some restaurants are seeing success in this area such s Subway and Pita Jungle. Others are still struggling for market share as they fail to innovate and introduce truly healthy options. While they wait, new entrants are starting to pop up slowly and are gaining popularity. To avoid obsolescence and promote innovation, a firm must be aware of technological changes that might influence its industry (Pearce II, 2013).External technological factors could include on-line reviews of the restaurant from customers and critics. With sites such as Yelp and Urbaneness gaining popular ity it will be important to monitor these sites for feedback and opportunities to resolve issues. In terms of advertising online advertising is probably a more attractive option because residents of all ages are more likely to read information online or through social media than in physical print (Pearce II, 2013).Us ply Chain Procurement of resources can be a strong force positively or negatively for any business. The plan IS to source as much product as possible from local vendors to keep transportation costs down and minimize economic impact of fluctuating fuel prices. Some items may not be available locally or during retain seasons so they will have to be transported from other locations. Either way, vendor selection will be critical. They will have to be reliable and capable of fulfilling orders to ensure supply chain is a strength.Strategy The internal strategy will be to provide fresh, healthy, affordable food, educate them about the benefits of different fruits and vegetable s and create an experience that keeps them coming back. Providing dine in and to-go options ensures that we are able to serve customers in both markets. To further differentiate, the Salad Bar will have fun and educational options for hillier as well. There will also be customer engagement and incentives for helping to create new seasonal and monthly salad recipes.Regulatory To stay on top of food safety regulations, internal controls will be established to constantly measure and track proper storage, placement and shelf life of all products. Since fresh fruit and vegetables will be in an open area in chilled cases, temperature will be measured in real-time to ensure any discrepancy is detected immediately. Internal inspections will be conducted regularly to ensure the restaurant identifies and resolves issues immediately. Culture Culture is another internal force that can make or break a restaurant.A strong, positive internal culture needs to be developed with the employees that fo resters trust, teamwork and accountability. They should also be able to enjoy their work and have fun. Employees must feel like they make a difference because they do. Regardless of a customer's experience with the food, if they receive poor service the overall perception of the restaurant is ruined. The customer's should feel welcomed when they arrive, comfortable when they dine in and satisfied when they leave. Adhering Solid leadership is essential to a business's ability to be successful.The leadership must be able to articulate the company's vision in mission in actionable terms in every aspect of the company. They have to hire and train the right people, engage and motivate employees, evaluate operations and quality and put processes in place to ensure strategic objectives are met. Being a leader means much more than giving direction to employees, it is leading them and the organization to success. In conclusion, careful consideration has to be taken into account regarding int ernal and external forces. Both can have a potential positive or negative effect an organization.After examining several relevant internal and external factors, The Salad Bar will certainly face many challenges. However, with a solid concept, strong strategic plan and thorough SOTTO analysis, The Salad bar should be able to overcome those obstacles and greatly increase its chances for logo term success. SHOOT Analysis Factor Strength Weakness Opportunity The retreat Trends Economic People pay more for healthy People eat out less during hard economic times Focusing on local community Chain restaurants that can engage in price warSupport for local businesses that support other local businesses Legal and Argue lately Owner has strong industry knowledge of Food Safety Regulations Regulations change regularly and can be cost prohibitive Technological innovations combined with knowledge can be advantage One slip can spell disaster in terms of customer health and reputation FDA partnering with businesses to help stay on top of regulations Social Socially responsible offering Advertising driving foot traffic Not many competitors / new market niche Other niche players Healthy is in Environmental Literally â€Å"Green† offering

Baseball Isn’t as Simple as Black and White - 1392 Words

Baseball isn’t as simple as Black and White Baseball, â€Å"America’s pastime†, the most simple sport of the big 4, a sport where failing 7 times out of 10 will still land you among the greats of all time. Baseball has been played by all ages since the Mid-18th Century. It is a sport where 9 men have at least 27 chances to score more runs than the other 9 men. So simple, but yet so captivating. This simplicity, one would assume, would lead to an almost utopian atmosphere. But, for Troy Maxon, an ex-baseball player, the game of Baseball is anything but a utopia. You see, before Jackie Robinson debuted for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, there were no African-American baseball players. So, African-Americans were relegated to the Negro Leagues to†¦show more content†¦Troy’s use of this comparison in order to demonstrate the injustice that baseball imparts on the African-American ballplayers is incorrect and factually baseless. In regards to the symbol of the shoes that Troy talks about, it is true that the players in the MLB were being paid more money than were those players in the Negro Leagues. In 1940, George Selkirk made ~$12,000, much more than did Josh Gibson. Because of this, Selkirk’s daughter was able to walk around with good quality shoes on her feet, whereas Josh Gibson’s daughter didn’t have that luxury because her father wasn’t making as much money. However, instead of looking at the facts objectively, Troy becomes very entangled in his own ego and warped view of social justice. When Cory mentions that Hank Aaron’s recent success, including his 43 home run total in one season, Troy becomes very egotistical saying, â€Å"Hank Aaron ain’t nobody. That’s what you supposed to do. That’s what you supposed to do. That’s how you supposed to play the game. Ain’t nothin to it. It’s just a matter of timing†¦ getting the right follow-through. Hell, I can hit forty-three home runs right now!†(Wilson 34). 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